{"id":122446,"date":"2024-06-19T05:03:48","date_gmt":"2024-06-19T05:03:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.controleng.com\/articles\/improving-underground-mining-safety-with-millimeter-wave-technology\/"},"modified":"2025-04-23T19:03:27","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T00:03:27","slug":"improving-underground-mining-safety-with-millimeter-wave-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.controleng.com\/improving-underground-mining-safety-with-millimeter-wave-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"Improving underground mining safety with millimeter wave technology"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Millimeter wave insights<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Researchers at the University of South Carolina, in collaboration with Indian institutions, are developing MineSense, a technology using millimeter wave frequencies to enhance underground mining safety through real-time environmental updates and high-throughput communication.<\/li>\n<li>Funded by the National Science Foundation and India&#8217;s Department of Science and Technology, this project aims to deploy advanced imaging and networking technologies to mitigate hazards like cave-ins and fires in underground mines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>According to the U.S. Mine Safety and Health <a href=\"https:\/\/www.msha.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Administration<\/a>, 42 miners died in fiscal year 2023, the highest number since 2014. While training, risk assessment and emergency preparedness and response planning have improved overall mine safety, common hazards such as cave-ins and fires remain.<\/p>\n<p>In collaboration with researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) and Indian School of Mines (ISM), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sc.edu\/study\/colleges_schools\/engineering_and_computing\/departments\/computer_science_and_engineering\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Computer Science and Engineering<\/a> Assistant Professor Sanjib Sur recently began a project to design and deploy an emerging imaging and networking technology to improve safety and overcome hazardous conditions of underground mines.<\/p>\n<p>Sur\u2019s three-year research project began on May 1 and is funded by $827,736 from the National Science Foundation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NSF<\/a>) and India\u2019s Department of Science and Technology (<a href=\"https:\/\/dst.gov.in\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DST<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Sur intends to utilize millimeter wave, which is already used as part of the 5G global wireless standard, to help perceive and update a mine environment in real time. Since millimeter wave frequencies provide large bandwidth, the project\u2019s goal is to also enable high throughput communication between miners and autonomous devices for real time updates and decision making.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFor example, with millimeter wave technology, if there\u2019s a crack or fault on a mine wall, you would get a real time update,\u201d Sur said. \u201cMillimeter wave has been tested with prototype systems in lab but have not been deployed widely. Bringing this transformative technology to a vital sector like mining is important.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_543641\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-543641\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-543641 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.controleng.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/CLT2406_WEB_USC_IMG-1.jpg\" alt=\"Courtesy: University of South Carolina\" width=\"600\" height=\"380\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-543641\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy: University of South Carolina<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>While more autonomous systems will be deployed inside mines in the future, modern technology will still be needed for miners to safely navigate inside low light or dark conditions where obstructions may exist. Moreover, even if humans are completely removed from mines in the future, autonomous systems will still need millimeter wave technology when traditional sensors like cameras or Light Detection and Ranging (<a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/lidar.html#:~:text=Lidar%2C%20which%20stands%20for%20Light,variable%20distances)%20to%20the%20Earth.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LiDAR<\/a>) fail in low light or with dust and debris in the air.<\/p>\n<p>Sur\u2019s team will develop the technology framework, known as MineSense. This includes the millimeter wave hardware component in the core and software tools. The software tools consist of sophisticated signal processing and customized machine learning models to map the environment, provide real time update and decisions and enable high-throughput communications.<\/p>\n<p>The project will consist of three tasks. The first will be creating real time 3D maps for the inside of mines and to determine which parts require more machine deployment. Sur plans to use millimeter wave in the form of a small chip installed on a miner\u2019s helmet. As the miners walk and move their head, the chip will constantly transmit and receive millimeter wave signals, while an algorithm will reconstruct the environment in real time.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFor 3D mapping and communication, the only option with existing systems is to install a separate network and access point and devices, which can be costly to maintain. But millimeter wave enables dual networking and sensing framework to understand the environment and communicate data within the infrastructure,\u201d Sur said.<\/p>\n<p>Sur admitted some may question why a real time update is needed since the mine infrastructure is already known. But walls may partially move or collapse, new areas may be excavated and faults and cracks may leak, which a static map would be unable to discover. A static map will be augmented to create updated real time vital signs of the mine. Sur hoped that as 5G networks become more abundant, hardware costs will decrease to make this a cost-effective and scalable solution.<\/p>\n<p>Enabling a low latency communication (networking) infrastructure with miners and machines is the second task. Sur\u2019s team aims to deploy routers and access points inside specific locations of the mine to establish communication across different devices as miners are working. As part of the task, testing will be performed at different millimeter wave frequencies. For example, if a miner is walking underground with their device, the information from their device needs to be uploaded and merged with the other miner\u2019s information and combine it with the static map itself. That requires high speed and high throughput communication.<\/p>\n<p>A comprehensive evaluation is the third and most critical task. Sur wants to bring his work into a mining simulator, which is located at ISM and includes rails and cutting machines. It also has walls lined up with mining materials such as coal and minerals.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe want to leverage the infrastructure in the simulator and eventually put these systems inside a real mine in India to evaluate how well we are doing beyond the lab,\u201d Sur said. \u201cIf we demonstrate the practicality of this technology, we can create more collaborations with the mining industry.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Sur\u2019s collaboration with institutions in India emerged through an NSF-DST solicitation. Part of the collaboration came from Sur\u2019s previous work on using millimeter wave with autonomous vehicles to safely navigate hazards on roads at night.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhile discussing with our collaborators in India, the topic came up because mining accidents in India are a big concern. We saw an opportunity to provide technological solutions with substantial social benefits,\u201d Sur said. \u201cWe believe this collaboration will significantly enhance the mining industry in both countries.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>IIT Associate Professor Sandip Chakraborty, who is Sur\u2019s partner on the project, said the mining industry has unique challenges with communication and sensing. But if millimeter wave technology is successful, the same platform can be used to disseminate useful information among miners, while also sensing dangers.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cImagine a scenario when the mining worker is talking over a communication device, and it senses a possible landslide from behind. The device can immediately warn the worker and help them to free the space with near-zero delay,\u201d Chakraborty said. \u201cI am particularly looking forward to developing a technological solution by utilizing the expertise from the three institutes in unique directions.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Sur said the most exciting part of the project is bringing modern technology to a vital sector like underground mining for improving safety and efficiency.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe feel that millimeter wave system will be like a Swiss army knife in the future,\u201d Sur said. \u201cIf designed well with sophisticated signal processing and deep learning tools, it can be applied in many other sectors.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A professor began a project to design and deploy an emerging imaging and networking technology to improve safety and overcome hazardous conditions of underground mines.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4810,"featured_media":122448,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[104040],"tags":[],"tracking-metrics":[],"display-location":[],"class_list":{"2":"type-post"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Improving underground mining safety with millimeter wave technology - Control Engineering<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.controleng.com\/improving-underground-mining-safety-with-millimeter-wave-technology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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